本習(xí)題集是在烏云等主編的《畫(huà)法幾何及工程制圖習(xí)題集》基礎(chǔ)上修訂而成，與《畫(huà)法幾何及工程制圖》（第二版）教材配套使用，主要用于學(xué)時(shí)少、重基礎(chǔ)圖學(xué)課程的教學(xué)和參考用書(shū)。

本習(xí)題集的特點(diǎn)：

● 遵照規(guī)范——按照普通高等教育本科國(guó)家級(jí)規(guī)劃教材的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行編制；

● 工科專(zhuān)業(yè)——適用于水利水電工程、土木工程、給水排水工程、測(cè)繪工程、環(huán)境工程等相關(guān)專(zhuān)業(yè)；

● 典型例題——重視畫(huà)法幾何基本理論的學(xué)習(xí)和應(yīng)用，選擇具有各專(zhuān)業(yè)代表性和典型性的基本體投影訓(xùn)練和綜合應(yīng)用題，內(nèi)容力求全面。

本書(shū)的編寫(xiě)人員：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)烏云、蘇日娜任主編，胡守忠任主審。

參加編寫(xiě)的人員：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)郁志宏、穆繼衛(wèi)、烏云塔娜、王芳等。

由于編者水平所限，本習(xí)題集中難免存在錯(cuò)誤和缺漏，懇請(qǐng)廣大讀者批評(píng)指正。

作者

2020 年 6 月

前言
1　制圖基本知識(shí)和基本技能 ·················································································································· 1
1-1　長(zhǎng)仿宋體、數(shù)字、字母和符號(hào)練習(xí) ····································································································· 1
1-2　圓的等分、斜度、錐度、橢圓和比例畫(huà)法練習(xí) ················································································· 2
1-3　尺規(guī)作圖練習(xí)Ⅰ——線型練習(xí) ············································································································· 3
1-4　尺規(guī)作圖練習(xí)Ⅱ——圓弧連接練習(xí) ····································································································· 4
2　投影的基本理論 ································································································································· 5
2-1　根據(jù)立體圖的特點(diǎn)分析投影圖，并將對(duì)應(yīng)投影圖的編號(hào)填寫(xiě)在括號(hào)中 ········································· 5
2-2　已知物體的軸測(cè)圖，了解物體的特征，確定對(duì)應(yīng)的三視圖 ····························································· 6
2-3　讀懂已知物體的三視圖，了解其投影特征，確定對(duì)應(yīng)的軸測(cè)圖 ····················································· 7
2-4　已知物體的兩個(gè)視圖，想象其空間形體選擇正確的第三視圖 ························································· 8
2-5　已知物體的三視圖，想象其空間形體選擇正確的軸測(cè)圖 ································································· 9
3　點(diǎn)、直線、平面的投影 ···················································································································· 10
3-1　點(diǎn)的投影 ··············································································································································· 10
3-2　直線的投影 ··········································································································································· 12
3-3　兩條直線的相對(duì)位置 ··························································································································· 14
3-4　平面的投影 ··········································································································································· 16
4　直線、平面的相對(duì)位置問(wèn)題 ············································································································· 18
4-1　平行關(guān)系 ··············································································································································· 18
4-2　相交關(guān)系 ··············································································································································· 19
4-3　垂直關(guān)系 ··············································································································································· 20
4-4　相對(duì)位置綜合問(wèn)題 ······························································································································· 21
5　投影變換 ·········································································································································· 23
5-1　投影變換——換面法 ··························································································································· 23
5-2　投影變換——繞垂直軸旋轉(zhuǎn)法 ··········································································································· 25
6　基本體的投影 ·································································································································· 27
6-1　平面立體的投影及表面上點(diǎn)的投影 ··································································································· 27
6-2　平面立體的投影及表面上線的投影 ··································································································· 28
6-3　曲面立體的投影及表面上點(diǎn)、線的投影 ··························································································· 29
7　平面、直線與基本立體相交 ············································································································· 30
7-1　平面與平面立體相交 ··························································································································· 30
7-2　平面與回轉(zhuǎn)體相交 ······························································································································· 32
7-3　直線與立體相交 ··································································································································· 33
8　基本體與基本體相貫 ························································································································ 34
8-1　兩個(gè)平面立體相貫 ······························································································································· 34
8-2　平面立體與回轉(zhuǎn)體相貫 ······················································································································· 35
8-3　兩個(gè)回轉(zhuǎn)體相貫 ··································································································································· 37
8-4　兩個(gè)回轉(zhuǎn)體特殊相貫 ··························································································································· 38
8-5　復(fù)合體相貫 ··········································································································································· 40
9　軸測(cè)圖 ············································································································································· 41
9-1　已知物體的兩個(gè)視圖，畫(huà)出其正等軸測(cè)圖 ······················································································· 41
9-2　已知物體的兩個(gè)視圖，畫(huà)出其斜二等軸測(cè)圖 ··················································································· 43
9-3　已知物體的兩個(gè)視圖，徒手畫(huà)出其正等軸測(cè)圖 ··············································································· 44
9-4　已知物體的三個(gè)視圖，畫(huà)出其軸測(cè)圖 ······························································································· 45
10　組合體的投影 ································································································································ 47
10-1　按形體分析法分解物體，順序完成三視圖 ····················································································· 47
10-2　已知物體的兩個(gè)視圖，順序完成第三視圖，并徒手勾畫(huà)軸測(cè)圖 ················································· 48
10-3　已知物體的軸測(cè)圖及兩個(gè)視圖，完成另外一個(gè)視圖 ····································································· 50
10-4　已知物體的軸測(cè)圖及不完全視圖，試補(bǔ)全漏線 ············································································· 51
10-5　依據(jù)物體的立體圖，目測(cè)尺寸畫(huà)出其三個(gè)視圖 ············································································· 52
10-6　已知物體的軸測(cè)圖及一個(gè)視圖，完成其余兩個(gè)視圖 ····································································· 53
10-7　已知物體的兩個(gè)視圖，想象其空間形體并完成第三視圖 ····························································· 54
10-8　已知物體的兩個(gè)視圖，結(jié)合工程形體，完成第三視圖 ································································· 59
10-9　尺寸標(biāo)注基礎(chǔ)——改正下列圖中不符合國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的尺寸標(biāo)注 ············································· 60
10-10　尺寸標(biāo)注基礎(chǔ)——標(biāo)注下列常見(jiàn)平面圖形的尺寸 ······································································· 61
10-11　已知物體的軸測(cè)圖，順序完成下列組合體三視圖的尺寸標(biāo)注 ···················································· 62
10-12　已知物體的軸測(cè)圖及其三視圖，分析結(jié)構(gòu)特征，標(biāo)注全部尺寸 ··············································· 63
11　圖樣的畫(huà)法 ···································································································································· 64
11-1　全剖視圖畫(huà)法 ······································································································································ 64
11-2　半剖視圖畫(huà)法 ······································································································································ 65
11-3　局部剖視圖畫(huà)法 ·································································································································· 66
11-4　改正下列錯(cuò)誤畫(huà)法 ······························································································································ 67
11-5　階梯剖視圖畫(huà)法 ·································································································································· 68
11-6　剖視圖畫(huà)法 ·········································································································································· 69
11-7　斷面圖畫(huà)法 ·········································································································································· 71
12　標(biāo)高投影········································································································································ 72
12-1　直線的標(biāo)高投影 ································································································································· 72
12-2　平面的標(biāo)高投影 ································································································································· 73
12-3　曲面的標(biāo)高投影 ································································································································· 74
12-4　地形面的標(biāo)高投影 ····························································································································· 75
12-5　標(biāo)高投影在工程中的應(yīng)用 ················································································································· 76
13　計(jì)算機(jī)繪圖基礎(chǔ)練習(xí) ······················································································································ 80
13-1　實(shí)驗(yàn)一 精確繪圖練習(xí) ······················································································································· 80
13-2　實(shí)驗(yàn)二 繪制工程圖例練習(xí) ··············································································································· 82
13-3　實(shí)驗(yàn)三 繪制簡(jiǎn)單工程形體練習(xí) ······································································································· 84
13-4　實(shí)驗(yàn)四 繪制建筑平面圖練習(xí) ··········································································································· 85
13-5　實(shí)驗(yàn)五 繪制溢流壩斷面圖練習(xí) ······································································································· 86
13-6　實(shí)驗(yàn)六 繪制工程形體的三視圖練習(xí) ······························································································· 87

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